HISTORY OF ISLAMIC EDUCATION DURING THE UMAYYAD DYNASTY

Abstrak

The development of Islamic education during the Umayyad Dynasty (661–750 AD), from its early stages, the process of territorial expansion, to its golden age and decline. During this period, Islamic education underwent a major transformation in line with territorial expansion into North Africa, Andalusia, Persia, and Central Asia. This expansion brought about extensive interaction with great civilizations such as Greece, Persia, Rome, and India, which ultimately enriched Islamic intellectual traditions. The Arabization policy of administration under Abdul Malik bin Marwan was an important factor that encouraged the advancement of Arabic language education and gave birth to great scholars such as al-Farahidi and Sibawaih. During the reigns of Al-Walid and Umar bin Abdul Aziz, educational institutions such as kuttab, mosques, and halaqah became increasingly institutionalized, while the codification of hadith by al-Zuhri became a milestone in Islamic scholarship. The sciences of tafsir, fiqh, hadith, and language developed rapidly in response to the social and administrative needs of the state. However, in the late period of the dynasty, internal political conflicts, the dissatisfaction of the mawali groups, and the rise of the Abbasids led to a decline that affected the state's attention to education. This article concludes that the Umayyad period was an important foundation for the development of education and science, which later reached its peak in the Abbasid era