DYNAMICS AND ROLE OF THE RIGHTEOUS CALIPHS IN THE FORMATION OF ISLAMIC EDUCATION
Kata Kunci:
Khulafaur Rasyidin, Islamic Education, Social and Political Dynamics, Educational Institutions, Islamic HistoryAbstrak
This article describes the dynamics and role of the Khulafaur Rasyidin in establishing the foundations of Islamic education in the early days. The leadership periods of Abu Bakar, Umar, Uthman, and Ali showed significant developments in religious teaching, community development, and the establishment of scientific institutions that gradually developed in accordance with the needs of the people. The purpose of this article is to explain the contributions of the caliphs in building the foundations of Islamic education and to understand the relationship between socio-political developments and the formation of a more focused education system. The research uses a literature study method through the analysis of various historical literature and relevant scientific studies on classical Islamic education and the dynamics of government during the Khulafaur Rasyidin period. The results of the study show that the codification of the Qur'an, the dispatch of teachers to new regions, the strengthening of the function of mosques as centers of learning, and the emergence of kuttab and halaqah were important achievements in the development of Islamic education. Political dynamics and territorial expansion greatly influenced the direction and needs of education at that time. This study contributes to the understanding of the foundations of Islamic education and its relevance to the development of the education system in subsequent periods.
Referensi
Abbott, Nabia. Studies in Arabic Literary Papyri, (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1957).
Azra, Azyumardi. Pendidikan Islam: Tradisi dan Modernisasi, (Jakarta: Logos, 1999).
Badri Yatim, Sejarah Peradaban Islam, (Jakarta: Rajawali Pers, 2010).
Crone, Patricia. God’s Rule: Government and Islam, (New York: Columbia University Press, 2004).
Daulay, Haidar Putra. Sejarah Pertumbuhan dan Pembaruan Pendidikan Islam di Indonesia, (Jakarta: Kencana, 2009).
Donner, Fred M. Muhammad and the Believers: At the Origins of Islam, (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 2010).
Gaiser, Adam. Muslim “Sectarianism” and the Politics of Religious Identity, (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2020).
Hasan, Fuad. Psikologi Pendidikan Islami, (Jakarta: RajaGrafindo, 2015).
Hugh Kennedy, The Prophet and the Age of the Caliphates, (London: Routledge, 2004).
J. J. Saunders, A History of Medieval Islam, (London: Routledge, 1965).
M. Quraish Shihab, Membumikan Al-Qur’an, (Jakarta: Lentera Hati, 2013).
Madelung, Wilferd. The Succession to Muhammad, (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1997).
Mahmud. Pemikiran Pendidikan Islam, (Bandung: Pustaka Setia, 2012).
Makdisi, George. The Rise of Colleges: Institutions of Learning in Islam and the West, (Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 1981).
Marshall G. S. Hodgson, The Venture of Islam, Vol. 1, (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1974).
Mustafa al-Siba’i, Min Rawā’i’ Hadāratinā, (Beirut: Maktabah al-Ghazali, 1999).
Nasution, Harun. Islam Ditinjau dari Berbagai Aspeknya, (Jakarta: UI Press, 2010).
Philip K. Hitti, History of the Arabs, (London: Palgrave Macmillan, 2002).
Ramayulis, Sejarah Pendidikan Islam, (Jakarta: Kalam Mulia, 2011).
Samsul Nizar, Sejarah Pendidikan Islam, (Jakarta: Kencana, 2012).
